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Table 2 Summary of the change in feature difference between expert and trainees cohort

From: Change in economy of ultrasound probe motion among general medicine trainees

Metric

Change in the difference of feature (trainee minus expert) per day*

Confidence intervals accounting for multiplicity**

Gyroscopic movements in rads/s

Along X axis or tilting

− 10.9 rads/s/day

− 19.31–4.21 rads/s/day

Along Y axis or rotation

− 9.14 rads/s/day

− 19.00 to − 4.43 rads/s/day

Along Z axis or rocking

− 4.66 rads/s/day

− 9.53 to − 0.02 rads/s/day

Translational movements (in cm/s2)

X path or fanning

− 7.53 cm/s2/day

− 15.42 to 0.33 cm/s2/day

Y path or compression

− 1.52 cm/s2/day

− 2.67 to − 0.374 cm/s2/day

Z path or sliding

− 1.64 cm/sec2/day

− 2.90 to − 0.84 cm/s2/day

Other probe motion data

Smoothness (m/s3)

− 0.47 (m/s3) /day

− 0.85 to − 0.11 m/s3 /day

Study time (s)

− 6.32 s/day

− 10.98 to − 1.66 s/day

Total path (cm)

− 3.12 cm/day

− 6.2 to − 0.50 cm/day

  1. *Change in feature per day represents the change in the adjusted difference of performance metrics between the trainees and expert cohort for each ultrasound elective day. Negative change means that the gap between trainees and experts narrowed
  2. **Confidence intervals were calculated using statistical significance of p values based on the Holhm–Bonferroni correction for multiplicity
  3. ***Did not reach statistical significance