Impaired cerebral autoregulation detected in early prevasospasm period is associated with unfavorable outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: an observational prospective pilot study

The Ultrasound Journal

Table 2 Patient demographics and clinical examination data (unfavorable, favorable outcomes and healthy control groups)

	Unfavorable GOS 1–3	Favorable GOS 4–5	Healthy control	p (Unfav., Fav.)	p (Unfav., Cont.)	p (Fav., Cont.)
Number	23	6	15	-
median [IQR]	69 [61–77]	54 [49–55]	37 [33–40]	0.006*	< 0.001*	0.003*
Sex, M/F	10/13	6/0	12/3	0.016*
GCS, IQR	[5–11]	[7–11]	-	0.34
CV, n	9	1	-	0.33
DCI, n	7	1	-	0.53
∆T_CBFV, s mean (std)	1.37 (1.23)	2.86 (0.99)	2.76 (0.72)	0.013*	< 0.001*	0.91
Mx mean (std)	0.36 (0.22)	0.23 (0.16)	0.33 (0.08)	0.15 0.088	0.55 0.72	0.17 0.056
BRS_drop, ms/mmHg mean (std)	-0.93 (8.20)	-6.83 (8.42)	9.65 (6.86)	0.17	< 0.001*	< 0.001*
BRS _recovery, ms/mmHg mean (std)	-7.89 (7.1)	-5.12 (8.74)	-5.67 (4.94)	0.25	0.39	0.61

GOS is the Glasgow outcome scale, GCS is the Glasgow coma scale, CV is the cerebral vasospasm, DCI is the delayed cerebral ischemia, ∆T_CBFV is the time difference between cerebral blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure, Mx is the mean flow autoregulation index, BRS_drop and BRS_recovery are the baroreflex sensitivity indices calculated as ratios between changes in interbeat interval and changes in arterial blood pressure (∆T_IBI/∆ABP) during the boot deflation cycle at falling and recovery moments, IQR is the interquartile range, std is the standard deviation, Unfav. is unfavorable outcome, Fav. is favorable outcome, and Cont. is the control group. The asterisk (*) indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05)